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| parents = Leo Penn Eileen Ryan | relations = Chris Penn (brother) Michael Penn (brother) | children = Dylan Penn Hopper Penn | party = Democrat }} Sean Justin Penn (born August 17, 1960) is an American actor, film director and political activist. He has won two Academy Awards, for his roles in the mystery drama ''Mystic River'' (2003) and the biopic ''Milk'' (2008). Penn began his acting career in television with a brief appearance in a 1974 episode of ''Little House on the Prairie'', directed by his father Leo Penn. Following his film debut in 1981's drama ''Taps'' and a diverse range of film roles in the 1980s, including ''Fast Times at Ridgemont High'', Penn garnered critical attention for his roles in the crime dramas ''At Close Range'' (1986) and later ''Carlito's Way'' (1993). He became known as a prominent leading actor with the 1995 drama ''Dead Man Walking'', for which he earned his first Academy Award nomination and the Best Actor Award at the Berlin Film Festival. Penn received another two Oscar nominations for Woody Allen's comedy-drama ''Sweet and Lowdown'' (1999) and the drama ''I Am Sam'' (2001), before winning his first Academy Award for Best Actor in 2003 for ''Mystic River'' and a second one in 2008 for ''Milk''. He has also won a Best Actor Award of the Cannes Film Festival for the Nick Cassavetes-directed ''She's So Lovely'' (1997), and two Best Actor Awards at the Venice Film Festival for the indie film ''Hurlyburly'' (1998) and the drama ''21 Grams'' (2003). Penn made his feature film directorial debut with 1991's ''The Indian Runner'', followed by the drama film ''The Crossing Guard'' (1995) and the mystery film ''The Pledge'' (2001). In 2002, Penn directed one of the 11 segments of ''11'09"01 September 11'', a compilation film made in response to the September 11 attacks. His fourth feature film, the biographical drama survival movie ''Into the Wild'' (2007), garnered critical acclaim and two Academy Award nominations. In addition to his film work, Penn is known for his political and social activism, most notably his criticism of the George W. Bush administration, his contact with the Presidents of Venezuela and Cuba, and his humanitarian work in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina and the 2010 Haiti earthquake. Penn also attracted media attention for his previous marriages to Madonna and actress Robin Wright. == Early life == Penn was born in Los Angeles County, California, the son of actor and director Leo Penn and actress Eileen Ryan (née Annucci). His older brother is musician Michael Penn. His younger brother, actor Chris Penn, died in 2006. His paternal grandparents were Jewish emigrants from Lithuania and Russia,〔(''Jews Flop in Big Oscar Award Wins'' ). Jewish Journal.com. March 5, 2004.〕〔(''Sean Penn Genealogy'' ).〕〔 while his mother is a Catholic of Irish and Italian descent.〔According to Penn's mother, Leo Penn may have had distant Sephardic Jewish ancestry, as his family's surname was originally "Piñón".〕 Penn was raised in a secular home,〔 and attended Santa Monica High School. He began making short films with some of his childhood friends, including actors Emilio Estevez and Charlie Sheen, who lived near his home.〔Stated on ''Inside the Actors Studio'', 1999〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sean Penn」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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